Profile of Lingua/EN/Inflect.pm

Filename	/Users/timbo/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.18.2/lib/site_perl/5.18.2/Lingua/EN/Inflect.pm
Statements	Executed 119135 statements in 673ms

Subroutines
Calls	P	F	Exclusive Time	Inclusive Time	Subroutine
75807	63	1	341ms	341ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::CORE:matchLingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match (opcode)
1179	1	1	172ms	511ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_PL_nounLingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun
1220	1	1	69.5ms	98.4ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_PL_special_verbLingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb
34192	32	1	34.1ms	34.1ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::CORE:regcompLingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp (opcode)
1220	1	1	21.0ms	30.3ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective
1220	1	1	18.7ms	675ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PLLingua::EN::Inflect::PL
1220	1	1	10.8ms	13.0ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::postprocessLingua::EN::Inflect::postprocess
3619	3	1	6.66ms	6.66ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::ud_matchLingua::EN::Inflect::ud_match
1	1	1	1.41ms	9.79ms	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::BEGIN@5Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@5
1233	3	1	590µs	590µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::CORE:substLingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:subst (opcode)
49	46	1	59µs	59µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::encloseLingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
1	1	1	11µs	22µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::BEGIN@3Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@3
1	1	1	10µs	10µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::CORE:sortLingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:sort (opcode)
1	1	1	7µs	55µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::BEGIN@4Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@4
1	1	1	6µs	6µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::CORE:ftereadLingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:fteread (opcode)
1	1	1	2µs	2µs	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::CORE:qrLingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:qr (opcode)
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::ALingua::EN::Inflect::A
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::ANLingua::EN::Inflect::AN
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::NOLingua::EN::Inflect::NO
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::NUMLingua::EN::Inflect::NUM
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::NUMWORDSLingua::EN::Inflect::NUMWORDS
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::ORDLingua::EN::Inflect::ORD
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PART_PRESLingua::EN::Inflect::PART_PRES
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_ADJLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_ADJ
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_ADJ_eqLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_ADJ_eq
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_NLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_N
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_N_eqLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_N_eq
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_VLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_V
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_V_eqLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_V_eq
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::PL_eqLingua::EN::Inflect::PL_eq
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::WORDLISTLingua::EN::Inflect::WORDLIST
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_check_plurals_ADJ
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_check_plurals_N
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_PL_eqLingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_eq
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_PL_general_verbLingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_general_verb
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_PL_reg_pluralsLingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_reg_plurals
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::__ANON__[:773]Lingua::EN::Inflect::__ANON__[:773]
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::__ANON__[:785]Lingua::EN::Inflect::__ANON__[:785]
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::__ANON__[:846]Lingua::EN::Inflect::__ANON__[:846]
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_commifyLingua::EN::Inflect::_commify
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::_indef_articleLingua::EN::Inflect::_indef_article
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::checkpatLingua::EN::Inflect::checkpat
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::checkpatsubsLingua::EN::Inflect::checkpatsubs
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::classicalLingua::EN::Inflect::classical
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::def_aLingua::EN::Inflect::def_a
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::def_adjLingua::EN::Inflect::def_adj
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::def_anLingua::EN::Inflect::def_an
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::def_nounLingua::EN::Inflect::def_noun
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::def_verbLingua::EN::Inflect::def_verb
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::enwordLingua::EN::Inflect::enword
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::hundLingua::EN::Inflect::hund
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::inflectLingua::EN::Inflect::inflect
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::millLingua::EN::Inflect::mill
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::tenLingua::EN::Inflect::ten
0	0	0	0s	0s	Lingua::EN::Inflect::::unitLingua::EN::Inflect::unit

Call graph for these subroutines as a Graphviz dot language file.

Line	State ments	Time on line	Calls	Time in subs	Code
1					package Lingua::EN::Inflect;
2
3	2	22µs	2	33µs	# spent 22µs (11+11) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@3 which was called: # once (11µs+11µs) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 3 use strict; # spent 22µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@3 # spent 11µs making 1 call to strict::import
4	2	18µs	2	103µs	# spent 55µs (7+48) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@4 which was called: # once (7µs+48µs) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 4 use vars qw($VERSION @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS @ISA); # spent 55µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@4 # spent 48µs making 1 call to vars::import
5	2	9.17ms	2	16.7ms	# spent 9.79ms (1.41+8.38) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@5 which was called: # once (1.41ms+8.38ms) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 5 use Env; # spent 9.79ms making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::BEGIN@5 # spent 6.93ms making 1 call to Env::import
6
7	1	1µs			require Exporter;
8	1	7µs			@ISA = qw(Exporter);
9
10	1	400ns			our $VERSION = '1.895';
11
12	1	12µs			%EXPORT_TAGS =
13					(
14					ALL => [ qw( classical inflect
15					PL PL_N PL_V PL_ADJ NO NUM A AN
16					PL_eq PL_N_eq PL_V_eq PL_ADJ_eq
17					PART_PRES
18					ORD
19					NUMWORDS
20					WORDLIST
21					def_noun def_verb def_adj def_a def_an )],
22
23					INFLECTIONS => [ qw( classical inflect
24					PL PL_N PL_V PL_ADJ PL_eq
25					NO NUM A AN PART_PRES )],
26
27					PLURALS => [ qw( classical inflect
28					PL PL_N PL_V PL_ADJ NO NUM
29					PL_eq PL_N_eq PL_V_eq PL_ADJ_eq )],
30
31					COMPARISONS => [ qw( classical
32					PL_eq PL_N_eq PL_V_eq PL_ADJ_eq )],
33
34					ARTICLES => [ qw( classical inflect NUM A AN )],
35
36					NUMERICAL => [ qw( ORD NUMWORDS )],
37
38					USER_DEFINED => [ qw( def_noun def_verb def_adj def_a def_an )],
39					);
40
41	1	3µs	1	24µs	Exporter::export_ok_tags(qw( ALL )); # spent 24µs making 1 call to Exporter::export_ok_tags
42
43					# SUPPORT CLASSICAL PLURALIZATIONS
44
45	1	1µs			my %def_classical = (
46					all => 0,
47					zero => 0,
48					herd => 0,
49					names => 1,
50					persons => 0,
51					ancient => 0,
52					);
53
54	1	800ns			my %all_classical = (
55					all => 1,
56					zero => 1,
57					herd => 1,
58					names => 1,
59					persons => 1,
60					ancient => 1,
61					);
62
63	1	2µs			my %classical = %def_classical;
64
65	1	2µs			my $classical_mode = join '\|', keys %all_classical;
66	1	29µs	2	20µs	$classical_mode = qr/^(?:$classical_mode)$/; # spent 18µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp # spent 2µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:qr
67
68					sub classical
69					{
70					if (!@_) {
71					%classical = %all_classical;
72					return;
73					}
74					if (@_==1 && $_[0] !~ $classical_mode) {
75					%classical = $_[0] ? %all_classical : ();
76					return;
77					}
78					while (@_) {
79					my $arg = shift;
80					if ($arg !~ $classical_mode) {
81					die "Unknown classical mode ($arg)\n";
82					}
83					if (@_ && $_[0] !~ $classical_mode) { $classical{$arg} = shift; }
84					else { $classical{$arg} = 1; }
85
86					if ($arg eq 'all') {
87					%classical = $classical{all} ? %all_classical : ();
88					}
89					}
90					}
91
92	1	100ns			my $persistent_count;
93
94					sub NUM # (;$count,$show)
95					{
96					if (defined $_[0])
97					{
98					$persistent_count = $_[0];
99					return $_[0] if !defined($_[1]) \|\| $_[1];
100					}
101					else
102					{
103					$persistent_count = undef;
104					}
105					return '';
106					}
107
108
109					# 0. PERFORM GENERAL INFLECTIONS IN A STRING
110
111	49	163µs			# spent 59µs within Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose which was called 49 times, avg 1µs/call: # 4 times (4µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 613, avg 1µs/call # once (4µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 470 # once (4µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 542 # once (3µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 550 # once (2µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 214 # once (2µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 375 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 1315 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 719 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 680 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 270 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 596 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 693 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 231 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 274 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 222 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 619 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 476 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 451 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 581 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 248 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 298 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 463 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 291 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 359 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 722 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 768 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 531 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 1321 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 341 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 483 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 307 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 490 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 371 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 757 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 257 # once (1µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 321 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 742 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 281 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 729 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 330 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 1326 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 747 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 736 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 458 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 497 # once (900ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 349 sub enclose { "(?:$_[0])" }
112
113					sub inflect
114					{
115					my $save_persistent_count = $persistent_count;
116					my @sections = split /(NUM$[^)]*$)/, $_[0];
117					my $inflection = "";
118
119					foreach ( @sections )
120					{
121					unless (s/NUM$\s?(?:([^),])(?:,([^)]*))?)?$/ NUM($1,$2) /xe)
122					{
123					1 while
124					s/\bPL $ ([^),]) (, ([^)]) )? $ / PL($1,$3) /xeg
125					\|\| s/\bPL_N $ ([^),]) (, ([^)]) )? $ / PL_N($1,$3) /xeg
126					\|\| s/\bPL_V $ ([^),]) (, ([^)]) )? $ / PL_V($1,$3) /xeg
127					\|\| s/\bPL_ADJ $ ([^),]) (, ([^)]) )? $ / PL_ADJ($1,$3) /xeg
128					\|\| s/\bAN? $ ([^),]) (, ([^)]) )? $ / A($1,$3) /xeg
129					\|\| s/\bNO $ ([^),]) (, ([^)]) )? $ / NO($1,$3) /xeg
130					\|\| s/\bORD $ ([^)]*) $ / ORD($1) /xeg
131					\|\| s/\bNUMWORDS $ ([^)]*) $ / NUMWORDS($1) /xeg
132					\|\| s/\bPART_PRES $ ([^)]*) $ / PART_PRES($1) /xeg
133					}
134
135					$inflection .= $_;
136					}
137
138					$persistent_count = $save_persistent_count;
139					return $inflection;
140					}
141
142
143					# 1. PLURALS
144
145	1	9µs			my %PL_sb_irregular_s =
146					(
147					"corpus" => "corpuses\|corpora",
148					"opus" => "opuses\|opera",
149					"magnum opus" => "magnum opuses\|magna opera",
150					"genus" => "genera",
151					"mythos" => "mythoi",
152					"penis" => "penises\|penes",
153					"testis" => "testes",
154					"atlas" => "atlases\|atlantes",
155					"yes" => "yeses",
156					'editio princeps' => 'editiones principes',
157					'starets' => 'startsy',
158					'staretz' => 'startzy',
159					);
160
161	1	23µs			my %PL_sb_irregular =
162					(
163					"child" => "children",
164					"brother" => "brothers\|brethren",
165					"loaf" => "loaves",
166					"hoof" => "hoofs\|hooves",
167					"beef" => "beefs\|beeves",
168					"thief" => "thiefs\|thieves",
169					"money" => "monies",
170					"mongoose" => "mongooses",
171					"ox" => "oxen",
172					"cow" => "cows\|kine",
173					"graffito" => "graffiti",
174					"prima donna" => "prima donnas\|prime donne",
175					"octopus" => "octopuses\|octopodes",
176					"genie" => "genies\|genii",
177					"ganglion" => "ganglions\|ganglia",
178					"trilby" => "trilbys",
179					"turf" => "turfs\|turves",
180					"numen" => "numina",
181					"atman" => "atmas",
182					"occiput" => "occiputs\|occipita",
183					'sabretooth' => 'sabretooths',
184					'sabertooth' => 'sabertooths',
185					'lowlife' => 'lowlifes',
186					'flatfoot' => 'flatfoots',
187					'tenderfoot' => 'tenderfoots',
188					'Romany' => 'Romanies',
189					'romany' => 'romanies',
190					'Tornese' => 'Tornesi',
191					'Jerry' => 'Jerrys',
192					'jerry' => 'jerries',
193					'Mary' => 'Marys',
194					'mary' => 'maries',
195					'talouse' => 'talouses',
196					'blouse' => 'blouses',
197					'Rom' => 'Roma',
198					'rom' => 'roma',
199					'carmen' => 'carmina',
200					'cheval' => 'chevaux',
201					'chervonetz' => 'chervontzi',
202					'kuvasz' => 'kuvaszok',
203					'felo' => 'felones',
204					'put-off' => 'put-offs',
205					'set-off' => 'set-offs',
206					'set-out' => 'set-outs',
207					'set-to' => 'set-tos',
208					'brother-german' => 'brothers-german\|brethren-german',
209					'studium generale' => 'studia generali',
210
211					%PL_sb_irregular_s,
212					);
213
214	1	25µs	2	12µs	my $PL_sb_irregular = enclose join '\|', reverse sort keys %PL_sb_irregular; # spent 10µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:sort # spent 2µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
215
216					# Z's that don't double
217
218	1	1µs			my @PL_sb_z_zes =
219					(
220					"batz", "quartz", "topaz", "snooz(?=e)", "kibbutz",
221					);
222	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_z_zes = enclose join '\|', @PL_sb_z_zes; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
223
224					# UNCONDITIONAL "..is" -> "..ides"
225
226	1	400ns			my @PL_sb_U_is_ides =
227					(
228					"aphis",
229					);
230
231	1	3µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_is_ides = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } @PL_sb_U_is_ides; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
232
233					# CLASSICAL "..is" -> "..ides"
234
235	1	1µs			my @PL_sb_C_is_ides =
236					(
237					# GENERAL WORDS...
238
239					"ephemeris", "iris", "clitoris",
240					"chrysalis", "epididymis",
241
242					# INFLAMATIONS...
243
244					".*itis",
245
246					);
247
248	1	4µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_is_ides = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } @PL_sb_C_is_ides; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
249
250					# UNCONDITIONAL "..a" -> "..ata"
251
252	1	600ns			my @PL_sb_U_a_ata =
253					(
254					"plasmalemma", "pseudostoma",
255					);
256
257	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_a_ata = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-1) } @PL_sb_U_a_ata; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
258
259					# CLASSICAL "..a" -> "..ata"
260
261	1	3µs			my @PL_sb_C_a_ata =
262					(
263					"anathema", "bema", "carcinoma", "charisma", "diploma",
264					"dogma", "drama", "edema", "enema", "enigma", "lemma",
265					"lymphoma", "magma", "melisma", "miasma", "oedema",
266					"sarcoma", "schema", "soma", "stigma", "stoma", "trauma",
267					"gumma", "pragma", "bema",
268					);
269
270	1	13µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_a_ata = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-1) } @PL_sb_C_a_ata; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
271
272					# UNCONDITIONAL "..a" -> "..ae"
273
274	1	1µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_a_ae = enclose join "\|", # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
275					(
276					"alumna", "alga", "vertebra", "persona"
277					);
278
279					# CLASSICAL "..a" -> "..ae"
280
281	1	2µs	1	900ns	my $PL_sb_C_a_ae = enclose join "\|", # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
282					(
283					"amoeba", "antenna", "formula", "hyperbola",
284					"medusa", "nebula", "parabola", "abscissa",
285					"hydra", "nova", "lacuna", "aurora", ".*umbra",
286					"flora", "fauna",
287					);
288
289					# CLASSICAL "..en" -> "..ina"
290
291	1	3µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_en_ina = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
292					(
293					"stamen", "foramen", "lumen"
294					);
295
296					# UNCONDITIONAL "..um" -> "..a"
297
298	1	6µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_um_a = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
299					(
300					"bacterium", "agendum", "desideratum", "erratum",
301					"stratum", "datum", "ovum", "extremum",
302					"candelabrum", "intermedium", "malum", "Progymnasium",
303					);
304
305					# CLASSICAL "..um" -> "..a"
306
307	1	12µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_um_a = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
308					(
309					"maximum", "minimum", "momentum", "optimum",
310					"quantum", "cranium", "curriculum", "dictum",
311					"phylum", "aquarium", "compendium", "emporium",
312					"enconium", "gymnasium", "honorarium", "interregnum",
313					"lustrum", "memorandum", "millennium", "rostrum",
314					"spectrum", "speculum", "stadium", "trapezium",
315					"ultimatum", "medium", "vacuum", "velum",
316					"consortium",
317					);
318
319					# UNCONDITIONAL "..us" -> "i"
320
321	1	6µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_us_i = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
322					(
323					"alumnus", "alveolus", "bacillus", "bronchus",
324					"locus", "nucleus", "stimulus", "meniscus",
325					"sarcophagus", "interradius", "perradius", "triradius",
326					);
327
328					# CLASSICAL "..us" -> "..i"
329
330	1	7µs	1	900ns	my $PL_sb_C_us_i = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
331					(
332					"focus", "radius", "genius",
333					"incubus", "succubus", "nimbus",
334					"fungus", "nucleolus", "stylus",
335					"torus", "umbilicus", "uterus",
336					"hippopotamus", "cactus",
337					);
338
339					# CLASSICAL "..us" -> "..us" (ASSIMILATED 4TH DECLENSION LATIN NOUNS)
340
341	1	1µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_us_us = enclose join "\|", # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
342					(
343					"status", "apparatus", "prospectus", "sinus",
344					"hiatus", "impetus", "plexus",
345					);
346
347					# UNCONDITIONAL "..on" -> "a"
348
349	1	5µs	1	900ns	my $PL_sb_U_on_a = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
350					(
351					"criterion", "perihelion", "aphelion",
352					"phenomenon", "prolegomenon", "noumenon",
353					"organon", "asyndeton", "hyperbaton",
354					"legomenon",
355					);
356
357					# CLASSICAL "..on" -> "..a"
358
359	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_on_a = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
360					(
361					"oxymoron",
362					);
363
364					# CLASSICAL "..o" -> "..i" (BUT NORMALLY -> "..os")
365
366	1	2µs			my @PL_sb_C_o_i =
367					(
368					"solo", "soprano", "basso", "alto",
369					"contralto", "tempo", "piano", "virtuoso",
370					);
371	1	4µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_o_i = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-1) } @PL_sb_C_o_i; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
372
373					# ALWAYS "..o" -> "..os"
374
375	1	11µs	1	2µs	my $PL_sb_U_o_os = enclose join "\|", # spent 2µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
376					(
377					"^ado", "aficionado", "aggro",
378					"albino", "allegro", "ammo",
379					"Antananarivo", "archipelago", "armadillo",
380					"auto", "avocado", "Bamako",
381					"Barquisimeto", "bimbo", "bingo",
382					"Biro", "bolero", "Bolzano",
383					"bongo", "Boto", "burro",
384					"Cairo", "canto", "cappuccino",
385					"casino", "cello", "Chicago",
386					"Chimango", "cilantro", "cochito",
387					"coco", "Colombo", "Colorado",
388					"commando", "concertino", "contango",
389					"credo", "crescendo", "cyano",
390					"demo", "ditto", "Draco",
391					"dynamo", "embryo", "Esperanto",
392					"espresso", "euro", "falsetto",
393					"Faro", "fiasco", "Filipino",
394					"flamenco", "furioso", "generalissimo",
395					"Gestapo", "ghetto", "gigolo",
396					"gizmo", "Greensboro", "gringo",
397					"Guaiabero", "guano", "gumbo",
398					"gyro", "hairdo", "hippo",
399					"Idaho", "impetigo", "inferno",
400					"info", "intermezzo", "intertrigo",
401					"Iquico", "^ISO", "jumbo",
402					"junto", "Kakapo", "kilo",
403					"Kinkimavo", "Kokako", "Kosovo",
404					"Lesotho", "libero", "libido",
405					"libretto", "lido", "Lilo",
406					"limbo", "limo", "lineno",
407					"lingo", "lino", "livedo",
408					"loco", "logo", "lumbago",
409					"macho", "macro", "mafioso",
410					"magneto", "magnifico", "Majuro",
411					"Malabo", "manifesto", "Maputo",
412					"Maracaibo", "medico", "memo",
413					"metro", "Mexico", "micro",
414					"Milano", "Monaco", "mono",
415					"Montenegro", "Morocco", "Muqdisho",
416					"myo", "^NATO", "^NCO",
417					"neutrino", "^NGO", "Ningbo",
418					"octavo", "oregano", "Orinoco",
419					"Orlando", "Oslo", "^oto",
420					"panto", "Paramaribo", "Pardusco",
421					"pedalo", "photo", "pimento",
422					"pinto", "pleco", "Pluto",
423					"pogo", "polo", "poncho",
424					"Porto-Novo", "Porto", "pro",
425					"psycho", "pueblo", "quarto",
426					"Quito", "rhino", "risotto",
427					"rococo", "rondo", "Sacramento",
428					"saddo", "sago", "salvo",
429					"Santiago", "Sapporo", "Sarajevo",
430					"scherzando", "scherzo", "silo",
431					"sirocco", "sombrero", "staccato",
432					"sterno", "stucco", "stylo",
433					"sumo", "Taiko", "techno",
434					"terrazzo", "testudo", "timpano",
435					"tiro", "tobacco", "Togo",
436					"Tokyo", "torero", "Torino",
437					"Toronto", "torso", "tremolo",
438					"typo", "tyro", "ufo",
439					"UNESCO", "vaquero", "vermicello",
440					"verso", "vibrato", "violoncello",
441					"Virgo", "weirdo", "WHO",
442					"WTO", "Yamoussoukro", "yo-yo",
443					"zero", "Zibo",
444
445					@PL_sb_C_o_i,
446					);
447
448
449					# UNCONDITIONAL "..ch" -> "..chs"
450
451	1	3µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_ch_chs = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
452					qw(
453					czech eunuch stomach
454					);
455
456					# UNCONDITIONAL "..[ei]x" -> "..ices"
457
458	1	2µs	1	900ns	my $PL_sb_U_ex_ices = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
459					(
460					"codex", "murex", "silex",
461					);
462
463	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_U_ix_ices = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
464					(
465					"radix", "helix",
466					);
467
468					# CLASSICAL "..[ei]x" -> "..ices"
469
470	1	7µs	1	4µs	my $PL_sb_C_ex_ices = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 4µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
471					(
472					"vortex", "vertex", "cortex", "latex",
473					"pontifex", "apex", "index", "simplex",
474					);
475
476	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_ix_ices = enclose join "\|", map { substr($_,0,-2) } # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
477					(
478					"appendix",
479					);
480
481					# ARABIC: ".." -> "..i"
482
483	1	1µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_i = enclose join "\|", # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
484					(
485					"afrit", "afreet", "efreet",
486					);
487
488					# HEBREW: ".." -> "..im"
489
490	1	1µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_C_im = enclose join "\|", # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
491					(
492					"goy", "seraph", "cherub", "zuz", "kibbutz",
493					);
494
495					# UNCONDITIONAL "..man" -> "..mans"
496
497	1	3µs	1	900ns	my $PL_sb_U_man_mans = enclose join "\|", # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
498					qw(
499					\bataman caiman cayman ceriman
500					\bdesman \bdolman \bfarman \bharman \bhetman
501					human \bleman ottoman shaman talisman
502					Alabaman Bahaman Burman German
503					Hiroshiman Liman Nakayaman Norman Oklahoman
504					Panaman Roman Selman Sonaman Tacoman Yakiman
505					Yokohaman Yuman
506					);
507
508	1	5µs			my @PL_sb_uninflected_s =
509					(
510					# PAIRS OR GROUPS SUBSUMED TO A SINGULAR...
511					"breeches", "britches", "pajamas", "pyjamas", "clippers", "gallows",
512					"hijinks", "headquarters", "pliers", "scissors", "testes", "herpes",
513					"pincers", "shears", "proceedings", "trousers",
514
515					# UNASSIMILATED LATIN 4th DECLENSION
516
517					"cantus", "coitus", "nexus",
518
519					# RECENT IMPORTS...
520					"contretemps", "corps", "debris",
521					".*ois", "siemens",
522
523					# DISEASES
524					".*measles", "mumps",
525
526					# MISCELLANEOUS OTHERS...
527					"diabetes", "jackanapes", ".*series", "species", "rabies",
528					"chassis", "innings", "news", "mews", "haggis",
529					);
530
531	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_uninflected_herd = enclose join "\|", # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
532					# DON'T INFLECT IN CLASSICAL MODE, OTHERWISE NORMAL INFLECTION
533					(
534					"wildebeest", "swine", "eland", "bison", "buffalo",
535					"elk", "rhinoceros", 'zucchini',
536					'caribou', 'dace', 'grouse', 'guinea[- ]fowl',
537					'haddock', 'hake', 'halibut', 'herring', 'mackerel',
538					'pickerel', 'pike', 'roe', 'seed', 'shad',
539					'snipe', 'teal', 'turbot', 'water[- ]fowl',
540					);
541
542	1	1µs	1	4µs	my $PL_sb_lese_lesen = enclose join "\|", # spent 4µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
543					(
544					'Auslese',
545					'beerenauslese',
546					'Spaetlese',
547					'trockenbeerenauslese',
548					);
549
550	1	5µs	1	3µs	my $PL_sb_uninflected = enclose join "\|", # spent 3µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
551					(
552					# SOME FISH AND HERD ANIMALS
553					".*fish", "tuna", "salmon", "mackerel", "trout",
554					"bream", "sea[- ]bass", "carp", "cod", "flounder", "whiting",
555
556					".deer", ".sheep", "moose",
557
558					# ALL NATIONALS ENDING IN -ese
559					"Portuguese", "Amoyese", "Borghese", "Congoese", "Faroese",
560					"Foochowese", "Genevese", "Genoese", "Gilbertese", "Hottentotese",
561					"Kiplingese", "Kongoese", "Lucchese", "Maltese", "Nankingese",
562					"Niasese", "Pekingese", "Piedmontese", "Pistoiese", "Sarawakese",
563					"Shavese", "Vermontese", "Wenchowese", "Yengeese",
564					".*[nrlm]ese",
565
566					# SOME WORDS ENDING IN ...s (OFTEN PAIRS TAKEN AS A WHOLE)
567
568					@PL_sb_uninflected_s,
569
570					# DISEASES
571					".*pox",
572
573
574					# OTHER ODDITIES
575					"graffiti", "djinn", 'samuri',
576					'.*craft$', 'offspring', 'pence', 'quid', 'hertz',
577					);
578
579					# SINGULAR WORDS ENDING IN ...s (ALL INFLECT WITH ...es)
580
581	1	4µs	1	1µs	my $PL_sb_singular_s = enclose join '\|', # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
582					(
583					".*ss",
584					"acropolis", "aegis", "alias", "asbestos", "bathos", "bias",
585					"bronchitis", "bursitis", "caddis", "cannabis",
586					"canvas", "chaos", "cosmos", "dais", "digitalis",
587					"epidermis", "ethos", "eyas", "gas", "glottis",
588					"hubris", "ibis", "lens", "mantis", "marquis", "metropolis",
589					"pathos", "pelvis", "polis", "rhinoceros",
590					"sassafras", "trellis", ".us", "[A-Z].es",
591
592					@PL_sb_C_is_ides,
593					@PL_sb_U_is_ides,
594					);
595
596	1	5µs	1	1µs	my $PL_v_special_s = enclose join '\|', # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
597					(
598					$PL_sb_singular_s,
599					@PL_sb_uninflected_s,
600					keys %PL_sb_irregular_s,
601					'(.*[csx])is',
602					'(.*)ceps',
603					'[A-Z].*s',
604					);
605
606	1	2µs			my %PL_sb_postfix_adj = (
607					'general' => ['(?!major\|lieutenant\|brigadier\|adjutant\|.*star)\S+'],
608					'martial' => [qw(court)],
609					);
610
611	1	1µs			foreach (keys %PL_sb_postfix_adj) {
612					$PL_sb_postfix_adj{$_} = enclose
613	2	8µs	4	4µs	enclose(join('\|', @{$PL_sb_postfix_adj{$_}})) # spent 4µs making 4 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose, avg 1µs/call
614					. "(?=(?:-\|\\s+)$_)";
615					}
616
617	1	4µs			my $PL_sb_postfix_adj = '(' . join('\|', values %PL_sb_postfix_adj) . ')(.*)';
618
619	1	6µs	1	1µs	my $PL_prep = enclose join '\|', qw ( # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
620					about above across after against amid amidst among around as at athwart atop
621					barring before behind below beneath beside besides between betwixt beyond but by
622					circa
623					despite down during
624					except
625					failing for from
626					given
627					in inside into
628					like
629					minus
630					near next
631					of off on onto out outside over
632					pace past per plus pro
633					qua
634					round
635					sans save since
636					than through throughout thru thruout till times to toward towards
637					under underneath unlike until unto up upon
638					versus via vs
639					with within without worth
640					);
641
642	1	1µs			my $PL_sb_prep_dual_compound = '(.?)((?:-\|\s+)(?:'.$PL_prep.'\|d[eua])(?:-\|\s+))a(?:-\|\s+)(.)';
643
644	1	800ns			my $PL_sb_prep_compound = '(.?)((-\|\s+)('.$PL_prep.'\|d[eua])((-\|\s+)(.))?)';
645
646
647	1	10µs			my %PL_pron_nom =
648					(
649					# NOMINATIVE REFLEXIVE
650
651					"i" => "we", "myself" => "ourselves",
652					"you" => "you", "yourself" => "yourselves",
653					"she" => "they", "herself" => "themselves",
654					"he" => "they", "himself" => "themselves",
655					"it" => "they", "itself" => "themselves",
656					"they" => "they", "themself" => "themselves",
657
658					# POSSESSIVE
659
660					"mine" => "ours",
661					"yours" => "yours",
662					"hers" => "theirs",
663					"his" => "theirs",
664					"its" => "theirs",
665					"theirs" => "theirs",
666					);
667
668	1	4µs			my %PL_pron_acc =
669					(
670					# ACCUSATIVE REFLEXIVE
671
672					"me" => "us", "myself" => "ourselves",
673					"you" => "you", "yourself" => "yourselves",
674					"her" => "them", "herself" => "themselves",
675					"him" => "them", "himself" => "themselves",
676					"it" => "them", "itself" => "themselves",
677					"them" => "them", "themself" => "themselves",
678					);
679
680	1	3µs	1	1µs	my $PL_pron_acc = enclose join '\|', keys %PL_pron_acc; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
681
682	1	5µs			my %PL_v_irregular_pres =
683					(
684					# 1st PERS. SING. 2ND PERS. SING. 3RD PERS. SINGULAR
685					# 3RD PERS. (INDET.)
686
687					"am" => "are", "are" => "are", "is" => "are",
688					"was" => "were", "were" => "were", "was" => "were",
689					"have" => "have", "have" => "have", "has" => "have",
690					"do" => "do", "do" => "do", "does" => "do",
691					);
692
693	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_v_irregular_pres = enclose join '\|', keys %PL_v_irregular_pres; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
694
695	1	22µs			my %PL_v_ambiguous_pres =
696					(
697					# 1st PERS. SING. 2ND PERS. SING. 3RD PERS. SINGULAR
698					# 3RD PERS. (INDET.)
699
700					"act" => "act", "act" => "act", "acts" => "act",
701					"blame" => "blame", "blame" => "blame", "blames" => "blame",
702					"can" => "can", "can" => "can", "can" => "can",
703					"must" => "must", "must" => "must", "must" => "must",
704					"fly" => "fly", "fly" => "fly", "flies" => "fly",
705					"copy" => "copy", "copy" => "copy", "copies" => "copy",
706					"drink" => "drink", "drink" => "drink", "drinks" => "drink",
707					"fight" => "fight", "fight" => "fight", "fights" => "fight",
708					"fire" => "fire", "fire" => "fire", "fires" => "fire",
709					"like" => "like", "like" => "like", "likes" => "like",
710					"look" => "look", "look" => "look", "looks" => "look",
711					"make" => "make", "make" => "make", "makes" => "make",
712					"reach" => "reach", "reach" => "reach", "reaches" => "reach",
713					"run" => "run", "run" => "run", "runs" => "run",
714					"sink" => "sink", "sink" => "sink", "sinks" => "sink",
715					"sleep" => "sleep", "sleep" => "sleep", "sleeps" => "sleep",
716					"view" => "view", "view" => "view", "views" => "view",
717					);
718
719	1	5µs	1	1µs	my $PL_v_ambiguous_pres = enclose join '\|', keys %PL_v_ambiguous_pres; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
720
721
722	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_v_irregular_non_pres = enclose join '\|', # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
723					(
724					"did", "had", "ate", "made", "put",
725					"spent", "fought", "sank", "gave", "sought",
726					"shall", "could", "ought", "should",
727					);
728
729	1	1µs	1	900ns	my $PL_v_ambiguous_non_pres = enclose join '\|', # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
730					(
731					"thought", "saw", "bent", "will", "might", "cut",
732					);
733
734					# "..oes" -> "..oe" (the rest are "..oes" -> "o")
735
736	1	2µs	1	900ns	my $PL_v_oes_oe = enclose join "\|", # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
737					qw(
738					.shoes .hoes .*toes
739					canoes floes oboes roes throes woes
740					);
741
742	1	2µs	1	900ns	my $PL_count_zero = enclose join '\|', # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
743					(
744					0, "no", "zero", "nil"
745					);
746
747	1	2µs	1	900ns	my $PL_count_one = enclose join '\|', # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
748					(
749					1, "a", "an", "one", "each", "every", "this", "that",
750					);
751
752	1	2µs			my %PL_adj_special =
753					(
754					"a" => "some", "an" => "some",
755					"this" => "these", "that" => "those",
756					);
757	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_adj_special = enclose join '\|', keys %PL_adj_special; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
758
759	1	2µs			my %PL_adj_poss =
760					(
761					"my" => "our",
762					"your" => "your",
763					"its" => "their",
764					"her" => "their",
765					"his" => "their",
766					"their" => "their",
767					);
768	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $PL_adj_poss = enclose join '\|', keys %PL_adj_poss; # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
769
770
771					sub checkpat
772					{
773					local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {0};
774					do {$@ =~ s/at.*?$//;
775					die "\nBad user-defined singular pattern:\n\t$@\n"}
776					if (!eval "'' =~ m/$_[0]/; 1;" or $@);
777					return @_;
778					}
779
780					sub checkpatsubs
781					{
782					checkpat($_[0]);
783					if (defined $_[1])
784					{
785					local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {0};
786					do {$@ =~ s/at.*?$//;
787					die "\nBad user-defined plural string: '$_[1]'\n\t$@\n"}
788					if (!eval "qq{$_[1]}; 1;" or $@);
789					}
790					return @_;
791					}
792
793	1	300ns			my @PL_sb_user_defined = ();
794	1	100ns			my @PL_v_user_defined = ();
795	1	100ns			my @PL_adj_user_defined = ();
796	1	100ns			my @A_a_user_defined = ();
797
798					sub def_noun
799					{
800					unshift @PL_sb_user_defined, checkpatsubs(@_);
801					return 1;
802					}
803
804					sub def_verb
805					{
806					unshift @PL_v_user_defined, checkpatsubs(@_[4,5]);
807					unshift @PL_v_user_defined, checkpatsubs(@_[2,3]);
808					unshift @PL_v_user_defined, checkpatsubs(@_[0,1]);
809					return 1;
810					}
811
812					sub def_adj
813					{
814					unshift @PL_adj_user_defined, checkpatsubs(@_);
815					return 1;
816					}
817
818					sub def_a
819					{
820					unshift @A_a_user_defined, checkpat(@_,'a');
821					return 1;
822					}
823
824					sub def_an
825					{
826					unshift @A_a_user_defined, checkpat(@_,'an');
827					return 1;
828					}
829
830					sub ud_match
831					# spent 6.66ms within Lingua::EN::Inflect::ud_match which was called 3619 times, avg 2µs/call: # 1220 times (2.48ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1272, avg 2µs/call # 1220 times (2.23ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1188, avg 2µs/call # 1179 times (1.95ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1033, avg 2µs/call {
832	3619	726µs			my $word = shift;
833	3619	1.76ms			for (my $i=0; $i < @_; $i+=2)
834					{
835					if ($word =~ /^(?:$_[$i])$/i)
836					{
837					last unless defined $_[$i+1];
838					return eval '"'.$_[$i+1].'"';
839					}
840					}
841	3619	8.49ms			return undef;
842					}
843
844					do
845	1	200ns			{
846	1	6µs			local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {0};
847	1	100ns			my $rcfile;
848
849	1	700ns			$rcfile = $INC{'Lingua//EN/Inflect.pm'} \|\| '';
850	1	5µs	1	600ns	$rcfile =~ s/Inflect.pm$/.inflectrc/; # spent 600ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:subst
851	1	100ns			do $rcfile or die "\nBad .inflectrc file ($rcfile):\n\t$@\n"
852					if $rcfile && -r $rcfile && -s $rcfile;
853
854	1	1µs			$rcfile = "$ENV{HOME}/.inflectrc" \|\| '';
855	1	15µs	1	6µs	do $rcfile or die "\nBad .inflectrc file ($rcfile):\n\t$@\n" # spent 6µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:fteread
856					if $rcfile && -r $rcfile && -s $rcfile;
857					};
858
859					sub postprocess # FIX PEDANTRY AND CAPITALIZATION :-)
860					# spent 13.0ms (10.8+2.19) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::postprocess which was called 1220 times, avg 11µs/call: # 1220 times (10.8ms+2.19ms) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::PL at line 875, avg 11µs/call {
861	1220	400µs			my ($orig, $inflected) = @_;
862	1220	4.74ms	1220	577µs	$inflected =~ s/([^\|]+)\\|(.+)/ $classical{all}?$2:$1 /e; # spent 577µs making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:subst, avg 473ns/call
863	1220	8.01ms	3612	1.62ms	return $orig =~ /^I$/ ? $inflected # spent 1.62ms making 3612 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 447ns/call
864					: $orig =~ /^[A-Z]+$/ ? uc $inflected
865					: $orig =~ /^[A-Z]/ ? ucfirst $inflected
866					: $inflected;
867					}
868
869					sub PL
870					# PL($word,$number)
871					# spent 675ms (18.7+656) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::PL which was called 1220 times, avg 553µs/call: # 1220 times (18.7ms+656ms) by Pod::Spell::BEGIN@10 at line 24 of Pod/Wordlist.pm, avg 553µs/call {
872	1220	275µs			my ($str, $count) = @_;
873	1220	8.21ms	1220	3.17ms	my ($pre, $word, $post) = ($str =~ m/\A(\s)(.+?)(\s)\Z/); # spent 3.17ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
874	1220	125µs			return $str unless $word;
875	1220	5.81ms	4839	653ms	my $plural = postprocess $word, _PL_special_adjective($word,$count) # spent 511ms making 1179 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun, avg 434µs/call # spent 98.4ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb, avg 81µs/call # spent 30.3ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective, avg 25µs/call # spent 13.0ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::postprocess, avg 11µs/call
876					\|\| _PL_special_verb($word,$count)
877					\|\| _PL_noun($word,$count);
878	1220	2.47ms			return $pre.$plural.$post;
879					}
880
881					sub PL_N
882					# PL_N($word,$number)
883					{
884					my ($str, $count) = @_;
885					my ($pre, $word, $post) = ($str =~ m/\A(\s)(.+?)(\s)\Z/);
886					return $str unless $word;
887					my $plural = postprocess $word, _PL_noun($word,$count);
888					return $pre.$plural.$post;
889					}
890
891					sub PL_V
892					# PL_V($word,$number)
893					{
894					my ($str, $count) = @_;
895					my ($pre, $word, $post) = ($str =~ m/\A(\s)(.+?)(\s)\Z/);
896					return $str unless $word;
897					my $plural = postprocess $word, _PL_special_verb($word,$count)
898					\|\| _PL_general_verb($word,$count);
899					return $pre.$plural.$post;
900					}
901
902					sub PL_ADJ
903					# PL_ADJ($word,$number)
904					{
905					my ($str, $count) = @_;
906					my ($pre, $word, $post) = ($str =~ m/\A(\s)(.+?)(\s)\Z/);
907					return $str unless $word;
908					my $plural = postprocess $word, _PL_special_adjective($word,$count)
909					\|\| $word;
910					return $pre.$plural.$post;
911					}
912
913					sub PL_eq { _PL_eq(@_, \&PL_N) \|\| _PL_eq(@_, \&PL_V) \|\| _PL_eq(@_, \&PL_ADJ); }
914					sub PL_N_eq { _PL_eq(@_, \&PL_N); }
915					sub PL_V_eq { _PL_eq(@_, \&PL_V); }
916					sub PL_ADJ_eq { _PL_eq(@_, \&PL_ADJ); }
917
918					sub _PL_eq
919					{
920					my ( $word1, $word2, $PL ) = @_;
921					my %classval = %classical;
922					%classical = %all_classical;
923					my $result = "";
924					$result = "eq" if !$result && $word1 eq $word2;
925					$result = "p:s" if !$result && $word1 eq &$PL($word2);
926					$result = "s:p" if !$result && &$PL($word1) eq $word2;
927					%classical = ();
928					$result = "p:s" if !$result && $word1 eq &$PL($word2);
929					$result = "s:p" if !$result && &$PL($word1) eq $word2;
930					%classical = %classval;
931
932					if ($PL == \&PL \|\| $PL == \&PL_N)
933					{
934					$result = "p:p"
935					if !$result && _PL_check_plurals_N($word1,$word2);
936					$result = "p:p"
937					if !$result && _PL_check_plurals_N($word2,$word1);
938					}
939					if ($PL == \&PL \|\| $PL == \&PL_ADJ)
940					{
941					$result = "p:p"
942					if !$result && _PL_check_plurals_ADJ($word1,$word2,$PL);
943					}
944
945					return $result;
946					}
947
948					sub _PL_reg_plurals
949					{
950					$_[0] =~ /($_[1])($_[2]\\|\1$_[3]\|$_[3]\\|\1$_[2])/
951					}
952
953					sub _PL_check_plurals_N
954					{
955					my $pair = "$_[0]\|$_[1]";
956					foreach ( values %PL_sb_irregular_s ) { return 1 if $_ eq $pair; }
957					foreach ( values %PL_sb_irregular ) { return 1 if $_ eq $pair; }
958
959					return 1 if
960					_PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_U_a_ata, "as","ata")
961					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_a_ata, "as","ata")
962					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_U_is_ides, "is","ides")
963					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_is_ides, "is","ides")
964					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_a_ae, "s","e")
965					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_en_ina, "ens","ina")
966					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_um_a, "ums","a")
967					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_us_i, "uses","i")
968					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_on_a, "ons","a")
969					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_o_i, "os","i")
970					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_ex_ices, "exes","ices")
971					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_ix_ices, "ixes","ices")
972					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_i, "s","i")
973					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, $PL_sb_C_im, "s","im")
974
975					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, '.*eau', "s","x")
976					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, '.*ieu', "s","x")
977					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, '.*tri', "xes","ces")
978					\|\| _PL_reg_plurals($pair, '.{2,}[yia]n', "xes","ges");
979
980
981					return 0;
982					}
983
984					sub _PL_check_plurals_ADJ
985					{
986					my ( $word1a, $word2a ) = @_;
987					my ( $word1b, $word2b ) = @_;
988
989					$word1a = '' unless $word1a =~ s/'s?$//;
990					$word2a = '' unless $word2a =~ s/'s?$//;
991					$word1b = '' unless $word1b =~ s/s'$//;
992					$word2b = '' unless $word2b =~ s/s'$//;
993
994					if ($word1a)
995					{
996					return 1 if $word2a && ( _PL_check_plurals_N($word1a, $word2a)
997					\|\| _PL_check_plurals_N($word2a, $word1a) );
998					return 1 if $word2b && ( _PL_check_plurals_N($word1a, $word2b)
999					\|\| _PL_check_plurals_N($word2b, $word1a) );
1000					}
1001					if ($word1b)
1002					{
1003					return 1 if $word2a && ( _PL_check_plurals_N($word1b, $word2a)
1004					\|\| _PL_check_plurals_N($word2a, $word1b) );
1005					return 1 if $word2b && ( _PL_check_plurals_N($word1b, $word2b)
1006					\|\| _PL_check_plurals_N($word2b, $word1b) );
1007					}
1008
1009
1010					return "";
1011					}
1012
1013					sub _PL_noun
1014					# spent 511ms (172+339) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun which was called 1179 times, avg 434µs/call: # 1179 times (172ms+339ms) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::PL at line 875, avg 434µs/call {
1015	1179	303µs			my ( $word, $count ) = @_;
1016	1179	84µs			my $value; # UTILITY VARIABLE
1017
1018					# DEFAULT TO PLURAL
1019
1020	1179	259µs			$count = $persistent_count
1021					if !defined($count) && defined($persistent_count);
1022
1023	1179	287µs			$count = (defined $count and $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io
1024					or defined $count and $classical{zero}
1025					and $count=~/^($PL_count_zero)$/io)
1026					? 1
1027					: 2;
1028
1029	1179	121µs			return $word if $count==1;
1030
1031					# HANDLE USER-DEFINED NOUNS
1032
1033	1179	1.05ms	1179	1.95ms	return $value if defined($value = ud_match($word, @PL_sb_user_defined)); # spent 1.95ms making 1179 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::ud_match, avg 2µs/call
1034
1035
1036					# HANDLE EMPTY WORD, SINGULAR COUNT AND UNINFLECTED PLURALS
1037
1038	1179	155µs			$word eq '' and return $word;
1039
1040	1179	12.8ms	2364	9.56ms	$word =~ /^($PL_sb_uninflected)$/i && !exists $PL_sb_irregular{$word} && $word !~ /^($PL_sb_lese_lesen)$/i # spent 8.09ms making 1182 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 7µs/call # spent 1.47ms making 1182 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1041					and return $word;
1042
1043	1176	267µs			$classical{herd} and $word =~ /^($PL_sb_uninflected_herd)$/i
1044					and return $word;
1045
1046
1047					# HANDLE ISOLATED IRREGULAR PLURALS
1048
1049	1176	10.7ms	2352	5.14ms	$word =~ /^($PL_sb_irregular)$/i # spent 3.64ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call # spent 1.50ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1050					and return ( $PL_sb_irregular{$1} \|\| $PL_sb_irregular{lc $1} );
1051	1176	33.4ms	2353	28.4ms	$word =~ /(.*)\b($PL_sb_irregular)$/i # spent 27.0ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 23µs/call # spent 1.09ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 926ns/call # spent 271µs making 1 call to utf8::SWASHNEW
1052					and return $1 . ( $PL_sb_irregular{$2} \|\| $PL_sb_irregular{lc $2} );
1053
1054
1055					# HANDLE COMPOUNDS ("Governor General", "mother-in-law", "aide-de-camp", ETC.)
1056
1057	1176	14.0ms	2352	4.35ms	$word =~ /^(?:$PL_sb_postfix_adj)$/i # spent 3.24ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call # spent 1.11ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 946ns/call
1058					and $value = $2
1059					and return _PL_noun($1,2)
1060					. $value;
1061
1062	1176	10.5ms	2352	2.90ms	$word =~ /^(?:$PL_sb_prep_dual_compound)$/i # spent 1.74ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call # spent 1.15ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 981ns/call
1063					and $value = [$2,$3]
1064					and return _PL_noun($1,2)
1065					. $value->[0]
1066					. _PL_noun($value->[1]);
1067
1068	1176	11.5ms	2352	3.43ms	$word =~ /^(?:$PL_sb_prep_compound)$/i # spent 2.35ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call # spent 1.08ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 922ns/call
1069					and $value = $2
1070					and return _PL_noun($1,2)
1071					. $value;
1072
1073					# HANDLE PRONOUNS
1074
1075	1176	13.5ms	2352	5.44ms	$word =~ /^((?:$PL_prep)\s+)($PL_pron_acc)$/i # spent 4.01ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call # spent 1.43ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1076					and return $1.$PL_pron_acc{lc($2)};
1077
1078	1176	987µs			$value = $PL_pron_nom{lc($word)}
1079					and return $value;
1080
1081	1176	5.25ms	2352	2.31ms	$word =~ /^($PL_pron_acc)$/i # spent 1.21ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call # spent 1.10ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 934ns/call
1082					and return $PL_pron_acc{lc($1)};
1083
1084
1085					# HANDLE FAMILIES OF IRREGULAR PLURALS
1086
1087	1176	54.0ms	2352	51.2ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_man_mans)$/i # spent 50.1ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 43µs/call # spent 1.04ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 881ns/call
1088					and return "$1s";
1089	1176	3.42ms	1176	2.05ms	$word =~ /(\S*)quy$/i # spent 2.05ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call
1090					and return "$1quies";
1091	1176	2.63ms	1176	1.33ms	$word =~ /(\S*)(person)$/i and return $classical{persons}?"$1persons":"$1people"; # spent 1.33ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call
1092	1176	5.86ms	1176	2.08ms	$word =~ /(.*)man$/i and return "$1men"; # spent 2.08ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call
1093	1176	3.79ms	1176	2.43ms	$word =~ /(.*[ml])ouse$/i and return "$1ice"; # spent 2.43ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call
1094	1176	2.84ms	1176	1.57ms	$word =~ /(.*)goose$/i and return "$1geese"; # spent 1.57ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call
1095	1176	4.43ms	1176	3.13ms	$word =~ /(.*)tooth$/i and return "$1teeth"; # spent 3.13ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1096	1176	4.76ms	1176	3.44ms	$word =~ /(.*)foot$/i and return "$1feet"; # spent 3.44ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1097
1098					# HANDLE UNASSIMILATED IMPORTS
1099
1100	1176	3.08ms	1176	1.81ms	$word =~ /(.*)ceps$/i and return $word; # spent 1.81ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call
1101	1176	2.92ms	1176	1.62ms	$word =~ /(.*)zoon$/i and return "$1zoa"; # spent 1.62ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call
1102	1176	8.01ms	1176	4.06ms	$word =~ /(.*[csx])is$/i and return "$1es"; # spent 4.06ms making 1176 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1103	1175	5.40ms	2350	2.69ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_a_ata)a$/i and return "$1ata"; # spent 1.44ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call # spent 1.25ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1104	1175	6.34ms	2350	3.58ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_is_ides)is$/i and return "$1ides"; # spent 2.89ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call # spent 694µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 590ns/call
1105	1175	13.7ms	2350	8.10ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_ch_chs)ch$/i and return "$1chs"; # spent 7.11ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 6µs/call # spent 985µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 838ns/call
1106	1175	10.5ms	2350	7.80ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_ex_ices)ex$/i and return "$1ices"; # spent 6.85ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 6µs/call # spent 957µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 814ns/call
1107	1175	8.98ms	2350	6.24ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_ix_ices)ix$/i and return "$1ices"; # spent 5.29ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 5µs/call # spent 944µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 803ns/call
1108	1175	29.1ms	2350	26.3ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_um_a)um$/i and return "$1a"; # spent 25.3ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 22µs/call # spent 993µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 845ns/call
1109	1175	29.2ms	2350	23.4ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_us_i)us$/i and return "$1i"; # spent 22.2ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 19µs/call # spent 1.23ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1110	1175	16.9ms	2350	14.2ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_on_a)on$/i and return "$1a"; # spent 13.2ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 11µs/call # spent 978µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 833ns/call
1111	1175	21.2ms	2350	10.9ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_U_a_ae)$/i and return "$1e"; # spent 9.97ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 8µs/call # spent 925µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 787ns/call
1112	1175	9.91ms	2350	7.19ms	$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_lese_lesen)$/i and return "$1n"; # spent 6.20ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 5µs/call # spent 993µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 845ns/call
1113
1114					# HANDLE INCOMPLETELY ASSIMILATED IMPORTS
1115
1116	1175	247µs			if ($classical{ancient})
1117					{
1118					$word =~ /(.*)trix$/i and return "$1trices";
1119					$word =~ /(.*)eau$/i and return "$1eaux";
1120					$word =~ /(.*)ieu$/i and return "$1ieux";
1121					$word =~ /(.{2,}[yia])nx$/i and return "$1nges";
1122					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_en_ina)en$/i and return "$1ina";
1123					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_ex_ices)ex$/i and return "$1ices";
1124					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_ix_ices)ix$/i and return "$1ices";
1125					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_um_a)um$/i and return "$1a";
1126					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_us_i)us$/i and return "$1i";
1127					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_us_us)$/i and return "$1";
1128					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_a_ae)$/i and return "$1e";
1129					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_a_ata)a$/i and return "$1ata";
1130					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_is_ides)is$/i and return "$1ides";
1131					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_o_i)o$/i and return "$1i";
1132					$word =~ /(.*$PL_sb_C_on_a)on$/i and return "$1a";
1133					$word =~ /$PL_sb_C_im$/i and return "${word}im";
1134					$word =~ /$PL_sb_C_i$/i and return "${word}i";
1135					}
1136
1137
1138					# HANDLE SINGULAR NOUNS ENDING IN ...s OR OTHER SILIBANTS
1139
1140	1175	11.1ms	2350	5.48ms	$word =~ /^($PL_sb_singular_s)$/i and return "$1es"; # spent 4.27ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 4µs/call # spent 1.21ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1141	1158	1.96ms	1158	476µs	$word =~ /^([A-Z].*s)$/ and $classical{names} and return "$1es"; # spent 476µs making 1158 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 411ns/call
1142	1131	4.56ms	2262	1.81ms	$word =~ /^($PL_sb_z_zes)$/i and return "$1es"; # spent 1.03ms making 1131 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 908ns/call # spent 783µs making 1131 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 692ns/call
1143	1131	8.21ms	1131	1.30ms	$word =~ /^(.*[^z])(z)$/i and return "$1zzes"; # spent 1.30ms making 1131 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call
1144	1129	4.70ms	1129	3.02ms	$word =~ /^(.*)([cs]h\|x\|zz\|ss)$/i and return "$1$2es"; # spent 3.02ms making 1129 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1145					# $word =~ /(.*)(us)$/i and return "$1$2es";
1146
1147					# HANDLE ...f -> ...ves
1148
1149	1086	8.96ms	1086	3.16ms	$word =~ /(.*[eao])lf$/i and return "$1lves"; # spent 3.16ms making 1086 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1150	1086	4.84ms	1086	3.61ms	$word =~ /(.*[^d])eaf$/i and return "$1eaves"; # spent 3.61ms making 1086 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1151	1086	3.76ms	1086	2.57ms	$word =~ /(.*[nlw])ife$/i and return "$1ives"; # spent 2.57ms making 1086 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 2µs/call
1152	1086	4.88ms	1086	3.63ms	$word =~ /(.*)arf$/i and return "$1arves"; # spent 3.63ms making 1086 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1153
1154					# HANDLE ...y
1155
1156	1086	4.59ms	1086	3.33ms	$word =~ /(.*[aeiou])y$/i and return "$1ys"; # spent 3.33ms making 1086 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1157	1083	3.99ms	1083	407µs	$word =~ /([A-Z].*y)$/ and $classical{names} and return "$1s"; # spent 407µs making 1083 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 376ns/call
1158	1080	5.48ms	1080	3.99ms	$word =~ /(.*)y$/i and return "$1ies"; # spent 3.99ms making 1080 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 4µs/call
1159
1160					# HANDLE ...o
1161
1162	1050	62.0ms	2100	56.8ms	$word =~ /$PL_sb_U_o_os$/i and return "${word}s"; # spent 55.5ms making 1050 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 53µs/call # spent 1.30ms making 1050 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1163	1047	1.96ms	1047	691µs	$word =~ /[aeiou]o$/i and return "${word}s"; # spent 691µs making 1047 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 660ns/call
1164	1043	1.83ms	1043	538µs	$word =~ /o$/i and return "${word}es"; # spent 538µs making 1043 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 516ns/call
1165
1166
1167					# OTHERWISE JUST ADD ...s
1168
1169	1030	9.34ms			return "${word}s";
1170					}
1171
1172
1173					sub _PL_special_verb
1174					# spent 98.4ms (69.5+28.9) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb which was called 1220 times, avg 81µs/call: # 1220 times (69.5ms+28.9ms) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::PL at line 875, avg 81µs/call {
1175	1220	283µs			my ( $word, $count ) = @_;
1176	1220	246µs			$count = $persistent_count
1177					if !defined($count) && defined($persistent_count);
1178	1220	295µs			$count = (defined $count and $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io or
1179					defined $count and $classical{zero} and $count=~/^($PL_count_zero)$/io) ? 1
1180					: 2;
1181
1182	1220	5.66ms	1221	1.02ms	return undef if $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io; # spent 1.01ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 827ns/call # spent 7µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp
1183
1184	1220	24µs			my $value; # UTILITY VARIABLE
1185
1186					# HANDLE USER-DEFINED VERBS
1187
1188	1220	1.30ms	1220	2.23ms	return $value if defined($value = ud_match($word, @PL_v_user_defined)); # spent 2.23ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::ud_match, avg 2µs/call
1189
1190					# HANDLE IRREGULAR PRESENT TENSE (SIMPLE AND COMPOUND)
1191
1192	1220	9.17ms	2440	2.82ms	$word =~ /^($PL_v_irregular_pres)((\s.*)?)$/i # spent 1.56ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call # spent 1.25ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call
1193					and return $PL_v_irregular_pres{lc $1}.$2;
1194
1195					# HANDLE IRREGULAR FUTURE, PRETERITE AND PERFECT TENSES
1196
1197	1220	19.7ms	2440	2.45ms	$word =~ /^($PL_v_irregular_non_pres)((\s.*)?)$/i # spent 1.37ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call # spent 1.09ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 889ns/call
1198					and return $word;
1199
1200					# HANDLE PRESENT NEGATIONS (SIMPLE AND COMPOUND)
1201
1202	1220	5.14ms	2440	2.16ms	$word =~ /^($PL_v_irregular_pres)(n't(\s.*)?)$/i # spent 1.24ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call # spent 928µs making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 761ns/call
1203					and return $PL_v_irregular_pres{lc $1}.$2;
1204
1205	1220	2.65ms	1220	1.20ms	$word =~ /^\S+n't\b/i # spent 1.20ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 982ns/call
1206					and return $word;
1207
1208					# HANDLE SPECIAL CASES
1209
1210	1220	8.05ms	2440	4.91ms	$word =~ /^($PL_v_special_s)$/ and return undef; # spent 3.56ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call # spent 1.36ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1211	1175	4.16ms	1175	410µs	$word =~ /\s/ and return undef; # spent 410µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 349ns/call
1212	1175	1.63ms	1175	352µs	$word =~ /^quizzes$/i and return "quiz"; # spent 352µs making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 299ns/call
1213
1214					# HANDLE STANDARD 3RD PERSON (CHOP THE ...(e)s OFF SINGLE WORDS)
1215
1216	1175	4.68ms	1175	3.23ms	$word =~ /^(.*)([cs]h\|[x]\|zz\|ss)es$/i and return "$1$2"; # spent 3.23ms making 1175 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call
1217
1218	1174	2.34ms	1174	964µs	$word =~ /^(..+)ies$/i and return "$1y"; # spent 964µs making 1174 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 821ns/call
1219
1220	1173	10.8ms	2346	5.18ms	$word =~ /($PL_v_oes_oe)$/ and return substr($1,0,-1); # spent 3.72ms making 1173 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 3µs/call # spent 1.46ms making 1173 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call
1221	1173	9.13ms	1173	738µs	$word =~ /^(.+)oes$/i and return "$1o"; # spent 738µs making 1173 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 629ns/call
1222
1223	1173	2.82ms	1173	1.28ms	$word =~ /^(.*[^s])s$/i and return $1; # spent 1.28ms making 1173 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 1µs/call
1224
1225					# OTHERWISE, A REGULAR VERB (HANDLE ELSEWHERE)
1226
1227	1134	3.26ms			return undef;
1228					}
1229
1230					sub _PL_general_verb
1231					{
1232					my ( $word, $count ) = @_;
1233					$count = $persistent_count
1234					if !defined($count) && defined($persistent_count);
1235					$count = (defined $count and $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io or
1236					defined $count and $classical{zero} and $count=~/^($PL_count_zero)$/io) ? 1
1237					: 2;
1238
1239					return $word if $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io;
1240
1241					# HANDLE AMBIGUOUS PRESENT TENSES (SIMPLE AND COMPOUND)
1242
1243					$word =~ /^($PL_v_ambiguous_pres)((\s.*)?)$/i
1244					and return $PL_v_ambiguous_pres{lc $1}.$2;
1245
1246					# HANDLE AMBIGUOUS PRETERITE AND PERFECT TENSES
1247
1248					$word =~ /^($PL_v_ambiguous_non_pres)((\s.*)?)$/i
1249					and return $word;
1250
1251					# OTHERWISE, 1st OR 2ND PERSON IS UNINFLECTED
1252
1253					return $word;
1254
1255					}
1256
1257					sub _PL_special_adjective
1258					# spent 30.3ms (21.0+9.32) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective which was called 1220 times, avg 25µs/call: # 1220 times (21.0ms+9.32ms) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::PL at line 875, avg 25µs/call {
1259	1220	214µs			my ( $word, $count ) = @_;
1260	1220	302µs			$count = $persistent_count
1261					if !defined($count) && defined($persistent_count);
1262	1220	285µs			$count = (defined $count and $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io or
1263					defined $count and $classical{zero} and $count=~/^($PL_count_zero)$/io) ? 1
1264					: 2;
1265
1266	1220	2.97ms	1221	1.15ms	return $word if $count=~/^($PL_count_one)$/io; # spent 1.13ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 924ns/call # spent 18µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp
1267
1268
1269					# HANDLE USER-DEFINED ADJECTIVES
1270
1271	1220	19µs			my $value;
1272	1220	1.35ms	1220	2.48ms	return $value if defined($value = ud_match($word, @PL_adj_user_defined)); # spent 2.48ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::ud_match, avg 2µs/call
1273
1274					# HANDLE KNOWN CASES
1275
1276	1220	8.47ms	2440	2.54ms	$word =~ /^($PL_adj_special)$/i # spent 1.50ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call # spent 1.04ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 850ns/call
1277					and return $PL_adj_special{lc $1};
1278
1279					# HANDLE POSSESSIVES
1280
1281	1220	5.41ms	2440	2.30ms	$word =~ /^($PL_adj_poss)$/i # spent 1.36ms making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp, avg 1µs/call # spent 942µs making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 772ns/call
1282					and return $PL_adj_poss{lc $1};
1283
1284	1220	4.66ms	1220	848µs	$word =~ /^(.*)'s?$/ and do { my $pl = PL_N($1); # spent 848µs making 1220 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match, avg 695ns/call
1285					return "$pl'" . ($pl =~ m/s$/ ? "" : "s");
1286					};
1287
1288					# OTHERWISE, NO IDEA
1289
1290	1220	2.45ms			return undef;
1291
1292					}
1293
1294
1295					# 2. INDEFINITE ARTICLES
1296
1297					# THIS PATTERN MATCHES STRINGS OF CAPITALS STARTING WITH A "VOWEL-SOUND"
1298					# CONSONANT FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER CONSONANT, AND WHICH ARE NOT LIKELY
1299					# TO BE REAL WORDS (OH, ALL RIGHT THEN, IT'S JUST MAGIC!)
1300
1301	1	400ns			my $A_abbrev = q{
1302					(?! FJO \| [HLMNS]Y. \| RY[EO] \| SQU
1303					\| ( F[LR]? \| [HL] \| MN? \| N \| RH? \| S[CHKLMNPTVW]? \| X(YL)?) [AEIOU])
1304					[FHLMNRSX][A-Z]
1305					};
1306
1307					# THIS PATTERN CODES THE BEGINNINGS OF ALL ENGLISH WORDS BEGINING WITH A
1308					# 'y' FOLLOWED BY A CONSONANT. ANY OTHER Y-CONSONANT PREFIX THEREFORE
1309					# IMPLIES AN ABBREVIATION.
1310
1311	1	200ns			my $A_y_cons = 'y(b[lor]\|cl[ea]\|fere\|gg\|p[ios]\|rou\|tt)';
1312
1313					# EXCEPTIONS TO EXCEPTIONS
1314
1315	1	2µs	1	1µs	my $A_explicit_an = enclose join '\|', # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
1316					(
1317					"euler",
1318					"hour(?!i)", "heir", "honest", "hono",
1319					);
1320
1321	1	1µs	1	1µs	my $A_ordinal_an = enclose join '\|', # spent 1µs making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
1322					(
1323					"[aefhilmnorsx]-?th",
1324					);
1325
1326	1	1µs	1	900ns	my $A_ordinal_a = enclose join '\|', # spent 900ns making 1 call to Lingua::EN::Inflect::enclose
1327					(
1328					"[bcdgjkpqtuvwyz]-?th",
1329					);
1330
1331					sub A {
1332					my ($str, $count) = @_;
1333					my ($pre, $word, $post) = ( $str =~ m/\A(\s)(?:an?\s+)?(.+?)(\s)\Z/i );
1334					return $str unless $word;
1335					my $result = _indef_article($word,$count);
1336					return $pre.$result.$post;
1337					}
1338
1339					sub AN { goto &A }
1340
1341					sub _indef_article {
1342					my ( $word, $count ) = @_;
1343
1344					$count = $persistent_count
1345					if !defined($count) && defined($persistent_count);
1346
1347					return "$count $word"
1348					if defined $count && $count!~/^($PL_count_one)$/io;
1349
1350					# HANDLE USER-DEFINED VARIANTS
1351
1352					my $value;
1353					return "$value $word"
1354					if defined($value = ud_match($word, @A_a_user_defined));
1355
1356					# HANDLE ORDINAL FORMS
1357
1358					$word =~ /^($A_ordinal_a)/i and return "a $word";
1359					$word =~ /^($A_ordinal_an)/i and return "an $word";
1360
1361					# HANDLE SPECIAL CASES
1362
1363					$word =~ /^($A_explicit_an)/i and return "an $word";
1364					$word =~ /^[aefhilmnorsx]$/i and return "an $word";
1365					$word =~ /^[bcdgjkpqtuvwyz]$/i and return "a $word";
1366
1367
1368					# HANDLE ABBREVIATIONS
1369
1370					$word =~ /^($A_abbrev)/ox and return "an $word";
1371					$word =~ /^[aefhilmnorsx][.-]/i and return "an $word";
1372					$word =~ /^[a-z][.-]/i and return "a $word";
1373
1374					# HANDLE CONSONANTS
1375
1376					$word =~ /^[^aeiouy]/i and return "a $word";
1377
1378					# HANDLE SPECIAL VOWEL-FORMS
1379
1380					$word =~ /^e[uw]/i and return "a $word";
1381					$word =~ /^onc?e\b/i and return "a $word";
1382					$word =~ /^uni([^nmd]\|mo)/i and return "a $word";
1383					$word =~ /^ut[th]/i and return "an $word";
1384					$word =~ /^u[bcfhjkqrst][aeiou]/i and return "a $word";
1385
1386					# HANDLE SPECIAL CAPITALS
1387
1388					$word =~ /^U[NK][AIEO]?/ and return "a $word";
1389
1390					# HANDLE VOWELS
1391
1392					$word =~ /^[aeiou]/i and return "an $word";
1393
1394					# HANDLE y... (BEFORE CERTAIN CONSONANTS IMPLIES (UNNATURALIZED) "i.." SOUND)
1395
1396					$word =~ /^($A_y_cons)/io and return "an $word";
1397
1398					# OTHERWISE, GUESS "a"
1399					return "a $word";
1400					}
1401
1402					# 2. TRANSLATE ZERO-QUANTIFIED $word TO "no PL($word)"
1403
1404					sub NO
1405					{
1406					my ($str, $count, $opt_ref) = @_;
1407					my ($pre, $word, $post) = ($str =~ m/\A(\s)(.+?)(\s)\Z/);
1408
1409					$count = $persistent_count
1410					if !defined($count) && defined($persistent_count);
1411					$count = 0 unless $count;
1412
1413					if ($count =~ /^$PL_count_zero$/) {
1414					return "${pre}no ". PL($word,0) . $post ;
1415					}
1416
1417					$count = defined $opt_ref->{words_below} && $count < $opt_ref->{words_below}
1418					? NUMWORDS($count)
1419					: $count;
1420
1421					if (defined $opt_ref->{comma} \|\| defined $opt_ref->{comma_every}) {
1422					$opt_ref->{comma_every} = 3 if !defined $opt_ref->{comma_every};
1423					$opt_ref->{comma} = ',' if !defined $opt_ref->{comma}
1424					\|\| $opt_ref->{comma} =~ /^\d+$/;
1425
1426					$count = _commify($count, @{$opt_ref}{'comma','comma_every'});
1427					}
1428
1429					return "$pre$count " . PL($word,$count) . $post
1430					}
1431
1432					sub _commify {
1433					my ($number, $comma, $every) = @_;
1434					return if !defined $comma;
1435					return if !defined $comma;
1436					$number =~ s{(?:(?<=^)\|(?<=^-))(\d\d{$every,})}
1437					{ my $n = $1;
1438					$n=~s/(?<=.)(?=(?:.{$every})+$)/$comma/g;
1439					$n;
1440					}e;
1441					return $number;
1442					}
1443
1444					# PARTICIPLES
1445
1446					sub PART_PRES
1447					{
1448					local $_ = PL_V(shift,2);
1449					s/ie$/y/
1450					or s/ue$/u/
1451					or s/([auy])e$/$1/
1452					or s/ski$/ski/
1453					or s/[^b]i$//
1454					or s/^(are\|were)$/be/
1455					or s/^(had)$/hav/
1456					or s/(hoe)$/$1/
1457					or s/([^e])e$/$1/
1458					or m/er$/
1459					or s/([^aeiou][aeiouy]([bdgmnprst]))$/$1$2/;
1460					return "${_}ing";
1461					}
1462
- -
1465					# NUMERICAL INFLECTIONS
1466
1467	1	7µs			my %nth =
1468					(
1469					0 => 'th',
1470					1 => 'st',
1471					2 => 'nd',
1472					3 => 'rd',
1473					4 => 'th',
1474					5 => 'th',
1475					6 => 'th',
1476					7 => 'th',
1477					8 => 'th',
1478					9 => 'th',
1479					11 => 'th',
1480					12 => 'th',
1481					13 => 'th',
1482					);
1483
1484
1485	1	100ns			my %ordinal;
1486	1	4µs			@ordinal{qw(ty one two three five eight nine twelve )}=
1487					qw(tieth first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth);
1488
1489	1	2µs			my $ordinal_suff = join '\|', keys %ordinal, "";
1490
1491	1	500ns			$ordinal{""} = 'th';
1492
1493					sub ORD($)
1494					{
1495					my $num = shift;
1496					if ($num =~ /\d/) {
1497					return $num . ($nth{$num%100} \|\| $nth{$num%10});
1498					}
1499					else {
1500					$num =~ s/($ordinal_suff)\Z/$ordinal{$1}/;
1501					return $num;
1502					}
1503					}
1504
1505
1506	1	2µs			my %default_args =
1507					(
1508					'group' => 0,
1509					'comma' => ',',
1510					'and' => 'and',
1511					'zero' => 'zero',
1512					'one' => 'one',
1513					'decimal' => 'point',
1514					);
1515
1516	1	4µs			my @unit = ('',qw(one two three four five six seven eight nine));
1517	1	1µs			my @teen = qw(ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen
1518					fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen);
1519	1	1µs			my @ten = ('','',qw(twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety));
1520	25	39µs	12	12µs	my @mill = map { (my $val=$_) =~ s/_/illion/; " $val" } # spent 12µs making 12 calls to Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:subst, avg 975ns/call
1521					('',qw(thousand m_ b_ tr_ quadr_ quint_ sext_ sept_ oct_ non_ dec_));
1522
1523
1524					sub mill { my $ind = $_[0]\|\|0;
1525					die "Number out of range\n" if $ind > $#mill;
1526					return $ind<@mill ? $mill[$ind] : ' ???illion'; }
1527
1528					sub unit { return $unit[$_[0]]. mill($_[1]); }
1529
1530					sub ten
1531					{
1532					return $ten[$_[0]] . ($_[0]&&$_[1]?'-':'') . $unit[$_[1]] . mill($_[2])
1533					if $_[0] ne '1';
1534					return $teen[$_[1]]. $mill[$_[2]\|\|0];
1535					}
1536
1537					sub hund
1538					{
1539					return unit($_[0]) . " hundred" . ($_[1] \|\| $_[2] ? " $_[4] " : '')
1540					. ten($_[1],$_[2]) . mill($_[3]) . ', ' if $_[0];
1541					return ten($_[1],$_[2]) . mill($_[3]) . ', ' if $_[1] \|\| $_[2];
1542					return '';
1543					}
1544
1545
1546					sub enword
1547					{
1548					my ($num,$group,$zero,$one,$comma,$and) = @_;
1549
1550					if ($group==1)
1551					{
1552					$num =~ s/(\d)/ ($1==1 ? " $one" : $1 ? unit($1) :" $zero")."$comma " /eg;
1553					}
1554					elsif ($group==2)
1555					{
1556					$num =~ s/(\d)(\d)/ ($1 ? ten($1,$2) : $2 ? " $zero " . unit($2) : " $zero $zero") . "$comma " /eg;
1557					$num =~ s/(\d)/ ($1 ? unit($1) :" $zero")."$comma " /e;
1558					}
1559					elsif ($group==3)
1560					{
1561					$num =~ s/(\d)(\d)(\d)/ ($1==1 ? " $one" : $1 ? unit($1) :" $zero")." ".($2 ? ten($2,$3) : $3 ? " $zero " . unit($3) : " $zero $zero") . "$comma " /eg;
1562					$num =~ s/(\d)(\d)/ ($1 ? ten($1,$2) : $2 ? " $zero " . unit($2) : " $zero $zero") . "$comma " /e;
1563					$num =~ s/(\d)/ ($1==1 ? " $one" : $1 ? unit($1) :" $zero")."$comma " /e;
1564					}
1565					elsif ($num+0==0) {
1566					$num = $zero;
1567					}
1568					elsif ($num+0==1) {
1569					$num = $one;
1570					}
1571					else {
1572					$num =~ s/\A\s*0+//;
1573					my $mill = 0;
1574					1 while $num =~ s/(\d)(\d)(\d)(?=\D*\Z)/ hund($1,$2,$3,$mill++,$and) /e;
1575					$num =~ s/(\d)(\d)(?=\D*\Z)/ ten($1,$2,$mill)."$comma " /e;
1576					$num =~ s/(\d)(?=\D*\Z)/ unit($1,$mill) . "$comma "/e;
1577					}
1578					return $num;
1579					}
1580
1581					sub NUMWORDS
1582					{
1583					my $num = shift;
1584
1585					if (@_ % 2 and require Carp) {
1586					die "Missing value in option list (odd number of option args) at"
1587					. join ' line ', (caller)[1,2];
1588					}
1589
1590					my %arg = ( %default_args, @_ );
1591					my $group = $arg{group};
1592
1593					# Handle "stylistic" conversions (up to a given threshold)...
1594					if (exists $arg{threshold} && $num > $arg{threshold}) {
1595					my ($whole, $frac) = split /[.]/, $num;
1596					while ($arg{comma}) {
1597					$whole =~ s{ (\d) ( \d{3}(?:,\|\z) ) }{$1,$2}xms
1598					or last;
1599					}
1600					return $frac ? "$whole.$frac" : $whole;
1601					}
1602
1603					die "Bad chunking option: $group\n" unless $group =~ /\A[0-3]\Z/;
1604					my $sign = ($num =~ /\A\s*\+/) ? "plus"
1605					: ($num =~ /\A\s*\-/) ? "minus"
1606					: '';
1607
1608					my ($zero, $one) = @arg{'zero','one'};
1609					my $comma = $arg{comma};
1610					my $and = $arg{'and'};
1611
1612					my $ord = $num =~ s/(st\|nd\|rd\|th)\Z//;
1613					my @chunks = ($arg{decimal})
1614					? $group ? split(/\./, $num) : split(/\./, $num, 2)
1615					: ($num);
1616
1617					my $first = 1;
1618
1619					if ($chunks[0] eq '') { $first=0; shift @chunks; }
1620
1621					foreach ( @chunks )
1622					{
1623					s/\D//g;
1624					$_ = '0' unless $_;
1625
1626					if (!$group && !$first) { $_ = enword($_,1,$zero,$one,$comma,$and) }
1627					else { $_ = enword($_,$group,$zero,$one,$comma,$and) }
1628
1629					s/, \Z//;
1630					s/\s+,/,/g;
1631					s/, (\S+)\s+\Z/ $and $1/ if !$group and $first;
1632					s/\s+/ /g;
1633					s/(\A\s\|\s\Z)//g;
1634					$first = '' if $first;
1635					}
1636
1637					my @numchunks = ();
1638					if ($first =~ /0/)
1639					{
1640					unshift @chunks, '';
1641					}
1642					else
1643					{
1644					@numchunks = split /\Q$comma /, $chunks[0];
1645					}
1646
1647					$numchunks[-1] =~ s/($ordinal_suff)\Z/$ordinal{$1}/
1648					if $ord and @numchunks;
1649
1650					foreach (@chunks[1..$#chunks])
1651					{
1652					push @numchunks, $arg{decimal};
1653					push @numchunks, split /\Q$comma /;
1654					}
1655
1656					if (wantarray)
1657					{
1658					unshift @numchunks, $sign if $sign;
1659					return @numchunks
1660					}
1661					elsif ($group)
1662					{
1663					return ($sign?"$sign ":'') . join ", ", @numchunks;
1664					}
1665					else
1666					{
1667					$num = ($sign?"$sign ":'') . shift @numchunks;
1668					$first = ($num !~ /$arg{decimal}\Z/);
1669					foreach ( @numchunks )
1670					{
1671					if (/\A$arg{decimal}\Z/)
1672					{
1673					$num .= " $_";
1674					$first = 0;
1675					}
1676					elsif ($first)
1677					{
1678					$num .= "$comma $_";
1679					}
1680					else
1681					{
1682					$num .= " $_";
1683					}
1684					}
1685					return $num;
1686					}
1687					}
1688
1689					# Join words with commas and a trailing 'and' (when appropriate)...
1690
1691					sub WORDLIST {
1692					my %opt;
1693					my @words;
1694
1695					for my $arg (@_) {
1696					if (ref $arg eq 'HASH' ) {
1697					%opt = (%opt, %{$arg});
1698					}
1699					else {
1700					push @words, $arg;
1701					}
1702					}
1703
1704					return "" if @words == 0;
1705					return "$words[0]" if @words == 1;
1706
1707					my $conj = exists($opt{conj}) ? $opt{conj} : 'and';
1708					if (@words == 2) {
1709					$conj =~ s/^ (?=\S) \| (?<=\S) $/ /gxms;
1710					return "$words[0]$conj$words[1]";
1711					}
1712
1713					my $sep = exists $opt{sep} ? $opt{sep}
1714					: grep(/,/, @words) ? q{; }
1715					: q{, }
1716					;
1717
1718					my $final_sep = !exists $opt{final_sep} ? "$sep $conj"
1719					: length($opt{final_sep}) == 0 ? $conj
1720					: "$opt{final_sep} $conj"
1721					;
1722					$final_sep =~ s/\s+/ /gmxs;
1723					$final_sep =~ s/^ (?=[^\W\d_]) \| (?<=\S) $/ /gxms;
1724
1725					return join($sep, @words[0..@words-2]) . "$final_sep$words[-1]";
1726					}
1727
- -
1730	1	166µs			1;
1731
1732					__END__

					# spent 6µs within Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:fteread which was called: # once (6µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 855 sub Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:fteread; # opcode
					# spent 341ms (341+271µs) within Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match which was called 75807 times, avg 5µs/call: # 3612 times (1.62ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::postprocess at line 863, avg 447ns/call # 1220 times (3.56ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1210, avg 3µs/call # 1220 times (3.17ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::PL at line 873, avg 3µs/call # 1220 times (1.37ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1197, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.25ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1192, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.20ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1205, avg 982ns/call # 1220 times (1.13ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1266, avg 924ns/call # 1220 times (1.04ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1276, avg 850ns/call # 1220 times (1.01ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1182, avg 827ns/call # 1220 times (942µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1281, avg 772ns/call # 1220 times (928µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1202, avg 761ns/call # 1220 times (848µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1284, avg 695ns/call # 1182 times (8.09ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1040, avg 7µs/call # 1176 times (50.1ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1087, avg 43µs/call # 1176 times (26.8ms+271µs) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1051, avg 23µs/call # 1176 times (4.06ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1102, avg 3µs/call # 1176 times (4.01ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1075, avg 3µs/call # 1176 times (3.64ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1049, avg 3µs/call # 1176 times (3.44ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1096, avg 3µs/call # 1176 times (3.24ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1057, avg 3µs/call # 1176 times (3.13ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1095, avg 3µs/call # 1176 times (2.43ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1093, avg 2µs/call # 1176 times (2.35ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1068, avg 2µs/call # 1176 times (2.08ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1092, avg 2µs/call # 1176 times (2.05ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1089, avg 2µs/call # 1176 times (1.81ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1100, avg 2µs/call # 1176 times (1.74ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1062, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.62ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1101, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.57ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1094, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.33ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1091, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.21ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1081, avg 1µs/call # 1175 times (25.3ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1108, avg 22µs/call # 1175 times (22.2ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1109, avg 19µs/call # 1175 times (13.2ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1110, avg 11µs/call # 1175 times (9.97ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1111, avg 8µs/call # 1175 times (7.11ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1105, avg 6µs/call # 1175 times (6.85ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1106, avg 6µs/call # 1175 times (6.20ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1112, avg 5µs/call # 1175 times (5.29ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1107, avg 5µs/call # 1175 times (4.27ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1140, avg 4µs/call # 1175 times (3.23ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1216, avg 3µs/call # 1175 times (2.89ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1104, avg 2µs/call # 1175 times (1.44ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1103, avg 1µs/call # 1175 times (410µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1211, avg 349ns/call # 1175 times (352µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1212, avg 299ns/call # 1174 times (964µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1218, avg 821ns/call # 1173 times (3.72ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1220, avg 3µs/call # 1173 times (1.28ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1223, avg 1µs/call # 1173 times (738µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1221, avg 629ns/call # 1158 times (476µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1141, avg 411ns/call # 1131 times (1.30ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1143, avg 1µs/call # 1131 times (783µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1142, avg 692ns/call # 1129 times (3.02ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1144, avg 3µs/call # 1086 times (3.63ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1152, avg 3µs/call # 1086 times (3.61ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1150, avg 3µs/call # 1086 times (3.33ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1156, avg 3µs/call # 1086 times (3.16ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1149, avg 3µs/call # 1086 times (2.57ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1151, avg 2µs/call # 1083 times (407µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1157, avg 376ns/call # 1080 times (3.99ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1158, avg 4µs/call # 1050 times (55.5ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1162, avg 53µs/call # 1047 times (691µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1163, avg 660ns/call # 1043 times (538µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1164, avg 516ns/call sub Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:match; # opcode
					# spent 2µs within Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:qr which was called: # once (2µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 66 sub Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:qr; # opcode
					# spent 34.1ms within Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp which was called 34192 times, avg 996ns/call: # 1220 times (1.56ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1192, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.50ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1276, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.36ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1281, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.36ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1210, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.24ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1202, avg 1µs/call # 1220 times (1.09ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1197, avg 889ns/call # 1182 times (1.47ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1040, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.50ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1049, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.43ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1075, avg 1µs/call # 1176 times (1.15ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1062, avg 981ns/call # 1176 times (1.11ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1057, avg 946ns/call # 1176 times (1.10ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1081, avg 934ns/call # 1176 times (1.09ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1051, avg 926ns/call # 1176 times (1.08ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1068, avg 922ns/call # 1176 times (1.04ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1087, avg 881ns/call # 1175 times (1.25ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1103, avg 1µs/call # 1175 times (1.23ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1109, avg 1µs/call # 1175 times (1.21ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1140, avg 1µs/call # 1175 times (993µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1108, avg 845ns/call # 1175 times (993µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1112, avg 845ns/call # 1175 times (985µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1105, avg 838ns/call # 1175 times (978µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1110, avg 833ns/call # 1175 times (957µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1106, avg 814ns/call # 1175 times (944µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1107, avg 803ns/call # 1175 times (925µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1111, avg 787ns/call # 1175 times (694µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1104, avg 590ns/call # 1173 times (1.46ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1220, avg 1µs/call # 1131 times (1.03ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1142, avg 908ns/call # 1050 times (1.30ms+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_noun at line 1162, avg 1µs/call # once (18µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 66 # once (18µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_adjective at line 1266 # once (7µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::_PL_special_verb at line 1182 sub Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:regcomp; # opcode
					# spent 10µs within Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:sort which was called: # once (10µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 214 sub Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:sort; # opcode
					# spent 590µs within Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:subst which was called 1233 times, avg 478ns/call: # 1220 times (577µs+0s) by Lingua::EN::Inflect::postprocess at line 862, avg 473ns/call # 12 times (12µs+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 1520, avg 975ns/call # once (600ns+0s) by Pod::Wordlist::BEGIN@4 at line 850 sub Lingua::EN::Inflect::CORE:subst; # opcode